The cylinder mower is the original design dating back to 1830. The key is the rotating cylinder with the curving blade. A straight blade would find itself intermittently having to cut a whole row of grass blades at once. This would make for a very choppy motion and limit the amount of grass that could be cut at once severely.
With a curved blade a very small number of new blades of grass are coming into contact with the steel cutter continuously as it rotates and advances along the lawn. This means the minimum force is needed to cut them, therefore the cutting is cleaner, smoother, and takes less power.
The cylinder is usually coupled with a roller. This smooths out the wheel marks and fixes the new-mown grass into that distinctive striped pattern.
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